From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

NSM to simulate, in near real-time, snow water e quivalent and other snowpack characteristics for the coterminous U.S. The NSM consists, essentia lly, of three components: (1) data ingest, quality control, and downscaling procedures, (2) a snow accumulation and ablation model, and (3) snow model data assimilation and updating procedures. Water pipelines to all service areas shall be looped to provide dual direction supply and system flexibility. Dead end mains are undesirable, but can be considered on a case-by-case basis. 2.02 SYSTEM ANALYSIS The proposed water system shall be analyzed for the following three conditions: 1. Peak hour demands with wells/booster pumping plants on.

Prelims level : NSM, Supercomputing

Mains level : National Supercomputing Mission

The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) has launched the second phase of the ambitious National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).

A water supply system is analogous to the human circulatory system. The heart pumps blood through the arteries, veins, and capillaries to supply oxygen to all part of the body. A water pump supplies water through primary, secondary, and distributor water mains to supply water to consumers and for fire. Drinking-water system designs may be influenced during the planning stages by sustainability issues, such as the cost to design and build drinking-water systems as well as the ongoing cost to operate, maintain, rehabilitate and replace infrastructure. National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) NSM is a proposed plan by GoI to create a cluster of seventy supercomputers connecting various academic and research institutions across India. In April 2015 the government approved the NSM with a total outlay of Rs.4500 crore for a period of 7 years.

Tap to read more about National Supercomputing Mission (NSM):

National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)

• NSM is a proposed plan by GoI to create a cluster of seventy supercomputers connecting various academic and research institutions across India.
• In April 2015 the government approved the NSM with a total outlay of Rs.4500 crore for a period of 7 years.
• The mission was set up to provide the country with supercomputing infrastructure to meet the increased computational demands of academia, researchers, MSMEs, and startups by creating the capability design, manufacturing, of supercomputers indigenously in India.
• Currently, there are four supercomputers from India in the Top 500 list of supercomputers in the world.

About Nsm 3.8design Water Supply Systems

Aims and objectives

• The target of the mission was set to establish a network of supercomputers ranging from a few Tera Flops (TF) to Hundreds of Tera Flops (TF) and three systems with greater than or equal to 3 Peta Flops (PF) in academic and research institutions of National importance across the country by 2022.
• This network of Supercomputers envisaging a total of 15-20 PF was approved in 2015 and was later revised to a total of 45 PF (45000 TFs), a jump of 6 times more compute power within the same cost and capable of solving large and complex computational problems.

What is a Supercomputer?

• A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.
• The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS).
• Since 2017, there are supercomputers which can perform over a hundred quadrillion FLOPS (petaFLOPS).
• Since November 2017, all of the world’s fastest 500 supercomputers run Linux-based operating systems.

Why do we need supercomputers?

About Nsm 3.8design Water Supply System

• Tackle problems: Developed and almost-developed countries have begun ensuring high investments in supercomputers to boost their economies and tackle new social problems.
• These high-performance computers can simulate the real world, by processing massive amounts of data, making cars and planes safer, and more fuel-efficient and environment-friendly.
• They also aid in the extraction of new sources of oil and gas, development of alternative energy sources, and advancement in medical sciences.
• Disaster Management: Supercomputers have also helped weather forecasters to accurately predict severe storms, enable better mitigation planning and warning systems.
• They are also used by financial services, manufacturing and internet companies and infrastructure systems like water-supply networks, energy grids, and transportation.
• Future applications of artificial intelligence (AI) also depend on supercomputing.
• Due to the potential of this technology, countries like the US, China, France, Germany, Japan, and Russia have created national-level supercomputing strategies and are investing substantially in these programmes.

When did India initiate its efforts to build supercomputers?

• India’s supercomputer programme initiated in the late 1980s, when the United States ceased the export of a Cray Supercomputer due to technology embargos.
• This resulted in India setting up C-DAC in 1988, which in 1991, unveiled the prototype of PARAM 800, benchmarked at 5 Gflops. This supercomputer was the second-fastest in the world at that time.
• Since June 2018, the USA’s Summit is the fastest supercomputer in the world, taking away this position from China.
• As of January 2018, Pratyush and Mihir are the fastest supercomputers in India with a maximum speed of Peta Flops.

1. General Description
This ND series pump is a horizontal, single suction, multi-stage centrifugal pump section.The pump has compact construction,reasonable arrangement, attractive appearance.The inlet and outlet diameter is same which is convenient for pipeline connection.The capacity and head can be meetted by reducing or adding stage numbers and cutting the diameter of the impeller.
2. Introduction
ND ( NDC, NDA) series multistage centrifugal pumps are horizontally installation.Thanks to the use of advanced hydraulic model and low-speed motor, the pump features high efficiency, energy-saving, smooth operation, low noise and little vibration. Meanwhile, the service life of wearing parts has been multiplied, which has greatly lengthened the service life of pump.
Medium:
♦ Hot and cold clean, non-flammable and non-explosive liquid without solid grain and fiber.If for explosive liquid should choose explosion-proof motor.
♦ Mineral water, soft water, pure water, mine water,sewage,chemical liquid and other chemical mediums
♦ When the density or viscosity of liquid is larger than that of water, it is necessary to select a motor of high-power.
3. Model Explanation
ND ( NDC, NDA) 280-65×5
N: Our company(Norman)
D: Single suction Multistage
C: Corrosion
A: Abrasion
280: Capacity(m3/h)
65: Head(m)
5: Pump stage number